{"id":1233,"date":"2020-12-15T13:14:39","date_gmt":"2020-12-15T05:14:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/demo.gcreate.com.tw\/gc_lppc\/?post_type=product&p=1233"},"modified":"2024-11-04T16:29:23","modified_gmt":"2024-11-04T08:29:23","slug":"%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e8%88%87%e9%9d%9e%e8%87%aa%e9%a1%98%e5%80%8b%e6%a1%88%e5%b7%a5%e4%bd%9c%ef%bc%88%e7%ac%ac%e4%b8%89%e7%89%88%ef%bc%89","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"https:\/\/demo.gcreate.com.tw\/gc_lppc\/product\/%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e8%88%87%e9%9d%9e%e8%87%aa%e9%a1%98%e5%80%8b%e6%a1%88%e5%b7%a5%e4%bd%9c%ef%bc%88%e7%ac%ac%e4%b8%89%e7%89%88%ef%bc%89\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5982\u4f55\u8207\u975e\u81ea\u9858\u500b\u6848\u5de5\u4f5c\uff08\u7b2c\u4e09\u7248\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u5167\u5bb9\u7c21\u4ecb<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\n<\/span>\u5c08\u9577\ufe30\u66fe\u5728\u5c11\u5e74\u53f8\u6cd5\u7cfb\u7d71\u670d\u52d9\u591a\u5e74\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u975e\u81ea\u9858\u500b\u6848\u3001\u6027\u4fb5\u5bb3\u52a0\u5bb3\u4eba\uff0f\u88ab\u5bb3\u4eba\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u6cbb\u7642\u3001\u5152\u7ae5\u2571\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u8a55\u4f30\u8207\u6cbb\u7642\u5341\u5206\u5afb\u719f\uff1b\u5c0d\u65bc\u5fc3\u7406\u5c08\u696d\u4eba\u54e1\u5982\u4f55\u8207\u793e\u798f\u7cfb\u7d71\u3001\u53f8\u6cd5\u7cfb\u7d71\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u9ad4\u6703\u8207\u601d\u8003\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

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\n<\/span>\u8b1d\u975c\u6167\uff08\u81fa\u7063\u9ad8\u7b49\u6cd5\u9662\u6cd5\u5b98\uff09
\n<\/span>\u8607\u91d1\u87ec\uff08\u9577\u69ae\u5927\u5b78\u793e\u6703\u5de5\u4f5c\u7cfb\u52a9\u7406\u6559\u6388\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u8b6f\u8005\u5e8f<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u8ac7\u5982\u4f55\u505a\u975e\u81ea\u9858\u500b\u6848\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u6cbb\u7642\uff0c\u5982\u6b64\u4e00\u4f86\u5c31\u6703\u5c40\u9650\u5728\u5f9e\u4e8b\u5fc3\u7406\u6cbb\u7642\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u5c08\u696d\u5c64\u9762\uff0c\u9069\u5408\u95b1\u8b80\u7684\u65cf\u7fa4\u4fbf\u6709\u9650\u3002\u672c\u66f8\u66f4\u9069\u5408\u548c\u8207\u5404\u7a2e\u985e\u578b\u7684\u975e\u81ea\u9858\u500b\u6848\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u5c08\u696d\u3001\u975e\u5c08\u696d\u4eba\u54e1\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5728\u6210\u4eba\u89c0\u8b77\u3001\u5c11\u5e74\u89c0\u8b77\u3001\u5b89\u7f6e\u6a5f\u69cb\u3001\u77ef\u6cbb\u6a5f\u69cb\u4ee5\u53ca\u7cbe\u795e\u91ab\u7642\u9662\u6240\u6216\u662f\u6559\u80b2\u55ae\u4f4d\u3001\u793e\u798f\u55ae\u4f4d\u7b49\u5747\u9069\u7528\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u53d7\u60e0\u7684\u975e\u81ea\u9858\u500b\u6848\u5011\u66f4\u70ba\u5ee3\u5927\uff0c\u9019\u4e5f\u662f\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u6240\u5728\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5167\u6587\u8a66\u95b1(\u7bc0\u9304)<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u8ab0\u662f\u300c\u975e\u81ea\u9858\u500b\u6848\u300d\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong>\u52a0\u5bb3\u4eba\u5411\u89c0\u8b77\u4eba\u5831\u5230\uff1b\u5152\u7ae5\u4fdd\u8b77\u793e\u5de5\u5728\u533f\u540d\u7684\u5152\u7ae5\u8650\u5f85\u901a\u5831\u5f8c\uff0c\u53bb\u8a2a\u8996\u6bcd\u89aa\uff1b\u5438\u6bd2\u8005\u5728\u6cd5\u9662\u7684\u88c1\u5b9a\u4e0b\uff0c\u63a5\u53d7\u85e5\u7269\u6210\u766e\u7684\u6212\u6cbb\u8ab2\u7a0b\uff1b\u5c0d\u59bb\u5b50\u65bd\u66b4\u7684\u7537\u6027\u5728\u6cd5\u9662\u7684\u88c1\u5b9a\u4e0b\uff0c\u63a5\u53d7\u5bb6\u5ead\u66b4\u529b\u7684\u8aee\u5546\uff1b\u5c0d\u81ea\u5df1\u8207\u4ed6\u4eba\u5177\u6709\u50b7\u5bb3\u6027\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u60a3\uff0c\u88ab\u8981\u6c42\u63a5\u53d7\u6cbb\u7642\u4ee5\u53d6\u4ee3\u4f4f\u9662\uff1b\u5e74\u8f15\u7684\u904a\u6c11\u540c\u610f\u548c\u793e\u5de5\u524d\u5f80\u6536\u5bb9\u6240\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u77e5\u9053\u82e5\u4e0d\u5982\u6b64\u4fbf\u6703\u88ab\u9001\u5230\u8b66\u5c40\uff1b\u6216\u8005\u662f\u4e0d\u9867\u7236\u6bcd\u7684\u53cd\u5c0d\uff0c\u5c07\u5b69\u5b50\u653e\u5728\u5b89\u7f6e\u6a5f\u69cb\u4e2d\u22ef\u22ef<\/span><\/p>\n

\u9019\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u975e\u81ea\u9858\u500b\u6848\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u500b\u6848\uff08\u6216\u7a31\u63a5\u53d7\u793e\u6703\u798f\u5229\u6216\u53f8\u6cd5\u670d\u52d9\u8005\uff09\u88ab\u63cf\u8ff0\u70ba\u975e\u81ea\u9858\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u4e26\u672a\u9078\u64c7\u63a5\u53d7\u63d0\u4f9b\u7d66\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u670d\u52d9\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u6216\u8a31\u6975\u529b\u53cd\u5c0d\u9019\u4e9b\u670d\u52d9\uff0c\u5805\u4fe1\u6839\u672c\u6c92\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\uff0c\u4e14\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u4fb5\u72af\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u6703\u63a5\u53d7\u670d\u52d9\uff0c\u82e5\u975e\u56e0\u70ba\u6cd5\u9662\u88c1\u5b9a\uff0c\u4fbf\u662f\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5236\u88c1\u7684\u5a01\u8105\uff0c\u6545\u6709\u6642\u4ed6\u5011\u53c8\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u5f37\u5236\u6027\u500b\u6848\u300d\uff08mandated clients\uff09\uff08Ivanoff, Blythe& Tripodi 1994; De Jong & Berg 2001; Rooney 2009\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5217\u8209\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5f88\u6e05\u695a\u90fd\u662f\u300c\u975e\u81ea\u9858\u7684\u500b\u6848\u300d\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u8a31\u591a\u60c5\u5f62\u4e0b\uff0c\u81ea\u9858\u8207\u975e\u81ea\u9858\u7684\u5206\u91ce\u537b\u4e0d\u660e\u986f\u3002\u5728\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u500b\u6848\u4e26\u975e\u53d7\u6cd5\u9662\u88c1\u5b9a\u5f37\u5236\u800c\u63a5\u53d7\u670d\u52d9\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u9023\u6cd5\u9662\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u88c1\u5b9a\u7684\u5a01\u8105\u90fd\u6c92\u6709\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u58d3\u529b\u7684\u9a45\u4f7f\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f86\u63a5\u53d7\u670d\u52d9\u4ee5\u89e3\u6c7a\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u4ea6\u975e\u51fa\u65bc\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u610f\u9858\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u5b50\u5973\u88ab\u5152\u4fdd\u793e\u5de5\u5e36\u8d70\u7684\u6bcd\u89aa\uff0c\u5411\u5bb6\u5ead\u8aee\u5546\u6a5f\u69cb\u5c0b\u6c42\u5354\u52a9\uff0c\u671f\u671b\u5e36\u56de\u5b50\u5973\uff1b\u5438\u6bd2\u8005\u5728\u6cd5\u9662\u958b\u5ead\u524d\u9032\u884c\u5fa9\u5065\u8aee\u5546\uff1b\u65bd\u66b4\u7537\u6027\u5728\u914d\u5076\u5a01\u8105\u8981\u96e2\u958b\u5f8c\uff0c\u53c3\u52a0\u61a4\u6012\u60c5\u7dd2\u7ba1\u7406\u8aee\u5546\u8ab2\u7a0b\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u61f7\u5b55\u7684\u5c11\u5973\u5728\u7236\u6bcd\u7684\u5805\u6301\u4e0b\u9020\u8a2a\u8aee\u5546\u6a5f\u69cb\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u90fd\u5c6c\u65bc\u81ea\u9858\u8207\u975e\u81ea\u9858\u4ea4\u96dc\u53c3\u534a\u7684\u500b\u6848\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5176\u4ed6\u63a5\u53d7\u670d\u52d9\u7684\u500b\u6848\u4fbf\u660e\u986f\u70ba\u81ea\u9858\u578b\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5b78\u751f\u5411\u5b78\u6821\u8aee\u5546\u5e2b\u5c0b\u6c42\u5354\u52a9\u3001\u6c42\u52a9\u5a5a\u59fb\u8aee\u5546\u7684\u592b\u59bb\u3001\u7236\u6bcd\u5c0b\u6c42\u5354\u52a9\u4ee5\u7ba1\u6559\u5931\u63a7\u7684\u5b50\u5973\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u9152\u766e\u8005\u5411\u6210\u766e\u5fa9\u5065\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6c42\u52a9\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5373\u4fbf\u662f\u9078\u64c7\u63a5\u53d7\u670d\u52d9\u7684\u500b\u6848\uff0c\u4ea6\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u975e\u81ea\u9858\u7684\u5c64\u9762\uff0c\u540c\u6a23\u5730\uff0c\u548c\u6cd5\u9662\u88c1\u5b9a\u7684\u500b\u6848\u5de5\u4f5c\u6642\uff0c\u4e5f\u6703\u6709\u81ea\u9858\u7684\u5c64\u9762\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u5411\u5b78\u6821\u8aee\u5546\u5e2b\u6c42\u52a9\u7684\u5b78\u751f\uff0c\u6216\u8a31\u89ba\u5f97\u975e\u8981\u5982\u6b64\u624d\u80fd\u9806\u5229\u901a\u904e\u6240\u4fee\u8ab2\u7a0b\uff1b\u63a5\u53d7\u5a5a\u59fb\u8aee\u5546\u7684\u5a66\u5973\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5728\u914d\u5076\u7684\u58d3\u529b\u4e0b\u524d\u4f86\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\u53d7\u4fdd\u8b77\u7ba1\u675f\u8005\u5728\u81ea\u9858\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u4e0b\u53bb\u627e\u89c0\u8b77\u4eba\uff0c\u8a0e\u8ad6\u5176\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u4eba\u969b\u95dc\u4fc2\u554f\u984c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u81ea\u9858\u8207\u975e\u81ea\u9858\u500b\u6848\u7684\u5340\u9694\u4e0d\u76e1\u7136\u90fd\u662f\u6e05\u695a\u7684\uff0c\u6700\u597d\u662f\u4ee5\u9023\u7e8c\u6027\u5411\u5ea6\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u770b\u5f85\u3002\u53d7\u6cd5\u9662\u88c1\u5b9a\u7684\u500b\u6848\u4f4d\u65bc\u4e00\u7aef\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u81ea\u9858\u7684\u500b\u6848\u4f4d\u65bc\u4e2d\u9593\uff0c\u800c\u81ea\u9858\u6c42\u52a9\u7684\u500b\u6848\u5247\u4f4d\u65bc\u53e6\u4e00\u7aef\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u672c\u66f8\u662f\u95dc\u65bc\u5982\u4f55\u8207\u4f4d\u65bc\u975e\u81ea\u9858\u7aef\u7684\u500b\u6848\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u805a\u7126\u65bc\u548c\u793e\u5340\u4e2d\u7684\u975e\u81ea\u9858\u500b\u6848\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u89c0\u8b77\u4eba\uff08\u6216\u793e\u5340\u77ef\u6cbb\u5b98\uff09\u8207\u5152\u7ae5\u4fdd\u8b77\u793e\u5de5\u6240\u505a\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u4e9b\u5834\u57df\u4e2d\u751a\u5c11\u6709\u81ea\u9858\u6216\u662f\u90e8\u5206\u81ea\u9858\u7684\u500b\u6848\u3002\u6211\u5011\u6240\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u5247\u4e5f\u9069\u7528\u65bc\u6a5f\u69cb\u5167\u7684\u975e\u81ea\u9858\u500b\u6848\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u76e3\u7344\u3001\u5152\u7ae5\u5b89\u7f6e\u6a5f\u69cb\u4ee5\u53ca\u7cbe\u795e\u91ab\u7642\u9662\u6240\u3002\u5728\u8a31\u591a\u6848\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u539f\u5247\u751a\u81f3\u4e5f\u9069\u7528\u65bc\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u81ea\u9858\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u81ea\u9858\u500b\u6848\u8eab\u4e0a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u548c\u975e\u81ea\u9858\u500b\u6848\u5de5\u4f5c\u6642\u4e4b\u96d9\u91cd\u89d2\u8272<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u591a\u6578\u548c\u975e\u81ea\u9858\u500b\u6848\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u54e1\u662f\u5728\u96b8\u5c6c\u65bc\u653f\u5e9c\u90e8\u9580\u7684\u793e\u798f\u8207\u53f8\u6cd5\u7cfb\u7d71\u670d\u52d9\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u7531\u653f\u5e9c\u90e8\u9580\u6240\u8a2d\u7acb\u7684\u6a5f\u69cb\u4e2d\u670d\u52d9\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u5177\u6709\u5169\u7a2e\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u4e00\u7a2e\u70ba\u53f8\u6cd5\u6216\u76e3\u7763\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u7a2e\u70ba\u5354\u52a9\u3001\u6cbb\u7642\u6216\u662f\u554f\u984c\u89e3\u6c7a\u8005\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8209\u4f8b\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u89c0\u8b77\u4eba\u7684\u8077\u8cac\u5728\u65bc\u78ba\u4fdd\u53d7\u4fdd\u8b77\u7ba1\u675f\u4eba\uff08probationer\u7de9\u5211\uff0f\u5047\u91cb\u72af\uff09\u80fd\u5c65\u884c\u6cd5\u9662\u88c1\u5b9a\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u89c0\u8b77\u4eba\u9700\u5728\u500b\u6848\u672a\u6309\u6642\u5831\u5230\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u672a\u9075\u5b88\u4fdd\u8b77\u7ba1\u675f\u4e4b\u689d\u4ef6\u6642\uff0c\u63a1\u53d6\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u884c\u52d5\u3002\u89c0\u8b77\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u5411\u6cd5\u5ead\u5831\u544a\u53d7\u4fdd\u8b77\u7ba1\u675f\u4eba\u7684\u9032\u5c55\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u65bd\u4ee5\u98a8\u96aa\u8a55\u4f30\uff0c\u9019\u5c07\u5f71\u97ff\u500b\u6848\u53d7\u76e3\u7763\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u8207\u6b64\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u89c0\u8b77\u4eba\u4ea6\u9700\u85c9\u7531\u8655\u7406\u8207\u72af\u7f6a\u884c\u70ba\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u4ee5\u5354\u52a9\u7f6a\u72af\u6539\u904e\u5411\u5584\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u540c\u6a23\u7684\uff0c\u5152\u4fdd\u793e\u5de5\u4e5f\u5177\u6709\u96d9\u91cd\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u5728\u8abf\u67e5\u65bd\u8650\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4ee5\u53ca\u8a55\u4f30\u65bd\u8650\u7684\u98a8\u96aa\u7a0b\u5ea6\u6642\uff0c\u9700\u63a1\u53d6\u4fdd\u8b77\u5152\u7ae5\u7684\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5176\u4f5c\u70ba\u53ef\u80fd\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u5c0e\u81f4\u65bd\u8650\u8005\u88ab\u8d77\u8a34\u3002\u7136\u5728\u6b64\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u9084\u9700\u5354\u52a9\u8a72\u5bb6\u5ead\u89e3\u6c7a\u53ef\u80fd\u5c0e\u81f4\u65bd\u8650\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u548c\u975e\u81ea\u9858\u500b\u6848\u5de5\u4f5c\u6642\uff0c\u5728\u53f8\u6cd5\u8207\u52a9\u4eba\u89d2\u8272\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5354\u8abf\u53ef\u8aaa\u662f\u9805\u8271\u96e3\u7684\u4efb\u52d9\u3002\u89c0\u8b77\u4eba\u5728\u64a4\u92b7\u53d7\u4fdd\u8b77\u7ba1\u675f\u4eba\u7684\u4fdd\u8b77\u7ba1\u675f\u6642\uff0c\u9084\u8981\u7e7c\u7e8c\u626e\u6f14\u52a9\u4eba\u8005\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u53bb\u5354\u52a9\u5c0d\u65b9\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u6975\u70ba\u56f0\u96e3\u7684\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\u3002\u540c\u6a23\u7684\uff0c\u7576\u793e\u5de5\u8207\u500b\u6848\u5df2\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u7dca\u5bc6\u7684\u52a9\u4eba\u95dc\u4fc2\u6642\uff0c\u8981\u53bb\u57f7\u884c\u53f8\u6cd5\u6027\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5341\u5206\u4e0d\u6613\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u7576\u5152\u4fdd\u793e\u5de5\u548c\u672c\u4f86\u662f\u81ea\u9858\u6c42\u52a9\u7684\u500b\u6848\u5bb6\u5ead\u5df2\u7d93\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e00\u6bb5\u6642\u9593\u5f8c\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u5fc5\u9808\u63a1\u53d6\u5b89\u7f6e\u5b50\u5973\u7684\u4f5c\u70ba\uff0c\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u52a0\u56f0\u96e3\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u548c\u975e\u81ea\u9858\u500b\u6848\u5de5\u4f5c\u6642\uff0c\u6700\u8271\u96e3\u7684\u6311\u6230\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f\u80a9\u8ca0\u96d9\u91cd\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u793e\u5de5\u8207\u6a5f\u69cb\u5747\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u5c08\u6ce8\u65bc\u4e00\u7a2e\u89d2\u8272\u4e26\u6392\u9664\u53e6\u4e00\u89d2\u8272\u6703\u8f03\u5bb9\u6613\u4e9b\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6709\u4e9b\u548c\u975e\u81ea\u9858\u500b\u6848\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u793e\u5de5\u5c31\u5e7e\u4e4e\u5b8c\u5168\u8457\u91cd\u5728\u53f8\u6cd5\u6027\u89d2\u8272\u4e0a\uff0c\u800c\u53e6\u4e00\u7a2e\u60c5\u5f62\u4fbf\u662f\u5e7e\u4e4e\u50c5\u626e\u6f14\u52a9\u4eba\u8005\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff08Thorpe 1994; Trotter 1996b, 2004\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u95dc\u65bc\u9019\u500b\u8b70\u984c\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u6703\u8cab\u7a7f\u5168\u66f8\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u5728\u65bc\u5354\u52a9\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u54e1\u80fd\u5728\u9019\u5169\u7a2e\u89d2\u8272\u4e4b\u9593\uff0c\u53d6\u5f97\u9069\u7576\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u3002<\/p>\n

\u76f4\u63a5\u670d\u52d9<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u672c\u66f8\u7126\u9ede\u662f\u8207\u975e\u81ea\u9858\u500b\u6848\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u670d\u52d9\uff08direct practice\uff09\uff0c\u50c5\u5076\u723e\u63d0\u53ca\u6709\u95dc\u793e\u5340\u767c\u5c55\u3001\u653f\u7b56\u5236\u5b9a\u8207\u7ba1\u7406\u7b49\uff0c\u91cd\u9ede\u662f\u5728\u89c0\u8b77\u4eba\u53ca\u5152\u4fdd\u793e\u5de5\u5c0d\u5176\u500b\u6848\u3001\u500b\u6848\u5bb6\u5ead\u65e5\u5fa9\u4e00\u65e5\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u6211\u5148\u524d\u8aaa\u904e\uff0c\u672c\u66f8\u8ac7\u5230\u7684\u5be6\u52d9\u539f\u5247\u4e5f\u540c\u6a23\u9069\u7528\u65bc\u5176\u4ed6\u8207\u975e\u81ea\u9858\u500b\u6848\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u4eba\u58eb\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7cbe\u795e\u91ab\u7642\u9662\u6240\u7684\u793e\u5de5\u3001\u6bd2\u766e\u6212\u6cbb\u7684\u8f14\u5c0e\u54e1\u3001\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u793e\u5de5\u3001\u5b78\u6821\u793e\u798f\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u3001\u5bb6\u5ead\u66b4\u529b\u8aee\u5546\u54e1\u3001\u5bb6\u5ead\u652f\u6301\u793e\u5de5\u3001\u5bb6\u5ead\u8aee\u5546\u54e1\u4ee5\u53ca\u8207\u8001\u5e74\u4eba\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u4eba\u54e1\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u904e\u53bb\u6578\u5e74\u9593\uff0c\u793e\u6703\u5de5\u4f5c\u76f4\u63a5\u670d\u52d9\u4e00\u8a5e\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\uff0c\u5728\u793e\u798f\u754c\u8207\u77ef\u6cbb\u9818\u57df\u4e2d\u5df2\u6709\u6240\u6539\u8b8a\u3002\u5728 70 \u8207 80 \u5e74\u4ee3\u671f\u9593\uff0c\u300c\u500b\u6848\u5de5\u4f5c\u300d\uff08casework\uff09\u4e00\u8a5e\u5ee3\u70ba\u6d41\u884c\uff0c\u4e4b\u5f8c\u50cf\u662f\u300c\u76f4\u63a5\u670d\u52d9\u300d\u6216\u300c\u81e8\u5e8a\u670d\u52d9\u300d\u7684\u540d\u8a5e\u958b\u59cb\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u73fe\u4eca\u8207\u975e\u81ea\u9858\u500b\u6848\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u4eba\u54e1\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u500b\u6848\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u300d\uff08case manager\uff09\u3002\u5c31\u67d0\u7a2e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u540d\u8a5e\u7684\u8f49\u8b8a\u53cd\u6620\u51fa\u5728\u500b\u6848\u6982\u5ff5\u5316\u8207\u5de5\u4f5c\u57f7\u884c\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0a\u7684\u6539\u8b8a\uff0c\u500b\u6848\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u6bd4\u8f03\u50cf\u662f\u670d\u52d9\u4e2d\u4ecb\u8005\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u76f4\u63a5\u670d\u52d9\u6216\u662f\u6cbb\u7642\u6027\u89d2\u8272\u5118\u7ba1\u6b64\u4e00\u540d\u8a5e\u4e5f\u5982 Di Gursansky \u53ca\u5176\u540c\u50da\uff082003\uff09\u6240\u6307\u51fa\u7684\uff0c\u4f9d\u820a\u76f8\u7576\u6a21\u7cca\uff0c\u4e14\u500b\u6848\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u57f7\u884c\u65b9\u5f0f\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5834\u57df\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u5927\u7570\u5176\u8da3\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u4f5c\u8005\uff08McMahon 1998; Sear ing 2003; Turner 2010\uff09\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c07\u76f4\u63a5\u670d\u52d9\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u54e1\u754c\u5b9a\u70ba\u500b\u6848\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u800c\u975e\u500b\u6848\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u662f\u6709\u554f\u984c\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u65b7\u8a00\u653f\u5e9c\u55ae\u4f4d\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u54e1\u5728\u500b\u6848\u7ba1\u7406\u8207\u500b\u6848\u8a08\u756b\u7684\u8cac\u4efb\u8207\u65e5\u4ff1\u589e\uff0c\u800c\u554f\u984c\u89e3\u6c7a\u6216\u6cbb\u7642\u6027\u7684\u670d\u52d9\u5247\u901a\u5e38\u7559\u7d66\u7d93\u8cbb\u62ee\u636e\u7684\u5fd7\u9858\u670d\u52d9\u6a5f\u69cb\u53bb\u505a\uff0c\u5982\u6b64\u4e00\u4f86\uff0c\u500b\u6848\u53ea\u6703\u5f97\u5230\u6108\u4f86\u6108\u591a\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u800c\u975e\u5354\u52a9\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee5\u5152\u7ae5\u4fdd\u8b77\u9818\u57df\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u4f86\u8aaa\u660e\u4e00\u7a2e\u770b\u5f85\u500b\u6848\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u554f\u984c\u89e3\u6c7a\u6216\u6cbb\u7642\u6027\u5de5\u4f5c\u4ee5\u53ca\u500b\u6848\u8a08\u756b\u4e4b\u9593\u5dee\u7570\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u4e00\u4efd\u5305\u542b\u63d0\u4f9b\u76f4\u63a5\u670d\u52d9\u4eba\u54e1\u7684\u500b\u6848\u8a08\u756b\u8a02\u5b9a\u4e86\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7279\u5225\u6ce8\u660e\u53d7\u8650\u5152\u7ae5\u8981\u4f4f\u5728\u54ea\u88e1\u4ee5\u53ca\u548c\u8ab0\u540c\u4f4f\uff0c\u8a72\u540d\u5152\u7ae5\u8207\u5bb6\u4eba\u63a5\u89f8\u7684\u983b\u7387\u8207\u689d\u4ef6\u70ba\u4f55\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8a72\u540d\u5152\u7ae5\u53ca\u5176\u5bb6\u4eba\u6703\u5f97\u5230\u54ea\u4e9b\u793e\u6703\u798f\u5229\u7684\u670d\u52d9\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5728\u64ec\u5b9a\u500b\u6848\u8a08\u756b\u5f8c\uff0c\u500b\u6848\u6216\u500b\u6848\u5bb6\u5ead\u5373\u9032\u5165\u500b\u6848\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u9019\u9700\u8981\u6709\u500b\u6848\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u53bb\u5354\u8abf\u53c3\u8207\u5728\u9019\u500b\u6848\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u5c08\u696d\u4eba\u58eb\uff0c\u4e26\u78ba\u4fdd\u500b\u6848\u8a08\u756b\u7684\u843d\u5be6\u3002\u500b\u6848\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u4f5c\u53ef\u80fd\u7531\u7576\u6642\u64ec\u5b9a\u500b\u6848\u8a08\u756b\u7684\u4eba\u54e1\u57f7\u884c\uff0c\u6216\u7531\u5176\u4ed6\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u54e1\u63a5\u624b\u3002\u500b\u5225\u7684\u554f\u984c\u89e3\u6c7a\u5de5\u4f5c\u5247\u53ef\u80fd\u518d\u7531\u53e6\u4e00\u540d\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u54e1\u57f7\u884c\uff0c\u9019\u5176\u4e2d\u4e5f\u8a31\u5305\u542b\u8655\u7406\u5bb6\u5ead\u6210\u54e1\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u5354\u52a9\u5152\u7ae5\u8655\u7406\u5728\u5b78\u6821\u7684\u96e3\u984c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u500b\u6848\u8a08\u756b\u3001\u500b\u6848\u7ba1\u7406\u4ee5\u53ca\u554f\u984c\u89e3\u6c7a\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u7a2e\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u7686\u53ef\u8996\u70ba\u76f4\u63a5\u670d\u52d9\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u672c\u66f8\u5f9e\u5168\u65b9\u4f4d\u670d\u52d9\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\u5f85\u9019\u4e09\u5927\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4e26\u5c07\u76f4\u63a5\u670d\u52d9\u5b9a\u7fa9\u70ba\u878d\u5408\u6bcf\u4e00\u9805\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u5118\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u672c\u66f8\u6240\u8a00\u7684\u975e\u81ea\u9858\u500b\u6848\u4e4b\u6709\u6548\u5de5\u4f5c\u67b6\u69cb\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u5728\u76f4\u63a5\u670d\u52d9\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u50c5\u8ca0\u8cac\u90e8\u5206\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u4eba\u54e1\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u7528\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u90a3\u4e9b\u50c5\u64d4\u4efb\u500b\u6848\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u6216\u500b\u6848\u8a08\u756b\u8005\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u54e1\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u50c5\u8ca0\u8cac\u63d0\u4f9b\u6cbb\u7642\u6027\u3001\u554f\u984c\u89e3\u6c7a\u8655\u9047\uff0c\u6bcb\u9808\u64d4\u8ca0\u5354\u8abf\u6216\u8a08\u756b\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u4eba\u54e1\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8207\u975e\u81ea\u9858\u500b\u6848\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e4b\u77e5\u8b58\u4f86\u6e90<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5f71\u97ff\u5c0d\u975e\u81ea\u9858\u500b\u6848\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u793e\u798f\u5de5\u4f5c\u7406\u8ad6\u6975\u70ba\u5ee3\u6cdb\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u7406\u8ad6\u3001\u81ea\u9ad4\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u3001\u7cfb\u7d71\u7406\u8ad6\u3001\u884c\u70ba\u5b78\u6d3e\u7406\u8ad6\u3001\u4eba\u985e\u767c\u5c55\u7406\u8ad6\u3001\u6a19\u7c64\u7406\u8ad6\u3001\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7406\u8ad6\u3001\u6279\u5224\u7406\u8ad6\u3001\u5dee\u5225\u9023\u7d50\u7406\u8ad6\u4ee5\u53ca\u793a\u7bc4\u7406\u8ad6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u548c\u975e\u81ea\u9858\u500b\u6848\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e5f\u53d7\u5230\u5be6\u52d9\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6e90\u81ea\u65bc\u591a\u5143\u7406\u8ad6\u67b6\u69cb\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4efb\u52d9\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3001\u751f\u614b\u7cfb\u7d71\u3001\u512a\u52e2\u89c0\u9ede\u3001\u7126\u9ede\u89e3\u6c7a\u3001\u8a8d\u77e5\u884c\u70ba\u3001\u7406\u6027\u60c5\u7dd2\u3001\u6558\u4e8b\u3001\u52d5\u6a5f\u5f0f\u6664\u8ac7\u6cd5\u4ee5\u53ca\u6578\u7a2e\u5bb6\u65cf\u6cbb\u7642\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u548c\u975e\u81ea\u9858\u500b\u6848\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e5f\u53d7\u5230\u7814\u7a76\u7d50\u679c\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u54e1\u6216\u8a31\u77e5\u9053\u540c\u5115\u5718\u9ad4\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\u53ef\u80fd\u5c0d\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u72af\u7f6a\u7522\u751f\u5f71\u97ff\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff08Akers 1994; Andrews and Bonta 2010\uff09\uff0c\u6216\u50cf\u662f\u4ee5\u500b\u6848\u70ba\u7126\u9ede\u7684\u554f\u984c\u89e3\u6c7a\u6cd5\u6703\u4fc3\u6210\u6b63\u5411\u6210\u679c\uff08Trotter 2004, 2013\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u9664\u4e86\u7406\u8ad6\u3001\u5be6\u52d9\u6a21\u5f0f\u4ee5\u53ca\u7814\u7a76\u7d50\u679c\u5916\uff0c\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u54e1\u7684\u81ea\u8eab\u50f9\u503c\u89c0\u8207\u4fe1\u5ff5\u4ea6\u6703\u5f71\u97ff\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u8a8d\u70ba\u624b\u8db3\u7121\u8ad6\u5982\u4f55\u90fd\u61c9\u8a72\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3001\u5a66\u5973\u5728\u5bb6\u5ead\u61c9\u8a72\u7372\u5f97\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u5c0d\u5f85\u3001\u5927\u9ebb\u4e0d\u5177\u50b7\u5bb3\u6027\u3001\u53f8\u6cd5\u7cfb\u7d71\u5c31\u662f\u4e0d\u516c\u6b63\u3001\u52a0\u5bb3\u4eba\u61c9\u53d7\u5230\u66f4\u56b4\u53b2\u7684\u61f2\u7f70\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u6838\u5fc3\u5bb6\u5ead\u624d\u662f\u990a\u80b2\u5b50\u5973\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u74b0\u5883\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u76ee\u9304<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\n\u3014\u63a8\u85a6\u5e8f\u4e8c\u3015\u9810\u9632\u72af\u7f6a\u9818\u57df\u7684\u7576\u524d\u8da8\u52e2 \u9673\u6b63\u82ac
\n<\/span>\u3014\u8b6f \u8005 \u5e8f\u3015 \u5b78\u6821\u6c92\u6709\u6559\uff0c\u4f46\u500b\u6848
\n<\/span>\u4ee5\u53ca\u5be6\u52d9\u5de5\u4f5c\u6240\u6559\u6211\u7684\u22ef\u22ef \u6731\u60e0\u82f1<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0\u3000\u7c21\u4ecb<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0\u3000\u4f55\u8005\u6709\u6548\uff1f\u4f55\u8005\u7121\u6548\uff1f<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u7b2c\u56db\u7ae0\u3000\u63d0\u5021\u5229\u793e\u6703\u6210\u679c<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u7b2c\u4e94\u7ae0\u3000\u554f\u984c\u89e3\u6c7a<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u7b2c\u516d\u7ae0\u3000\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u54e1\u8207\u500b\u6848\u95dc\u4fc2<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u7b2c\u4e03\u7ae0\u3000\u548c\u5bb6\u5ead\u5de5\u4f5c<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8207\u5bb6\u5ead\u5de5\u4f5c\u4f55\u6642\u662f\u9069\u7576\u6642\u6a5f\uff0f\u5408\u4f5c\u5f0f\u5bb6\u5ead\u8aee\u5546\uff0f\u4ee5\u5bb6\u70ba\u672c\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0f\u5408\u4f5c\u5f0f\u5bb6\u5ead\u8aee\u5546\u904e\u7a0b\uff0f\u5229\u793e\u6703\u793a\u7bc4\uff0f\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u54e1\u2500\u500b\u6848\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0f\u6458\u8981<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u516b\u7ae0\u3000\u8a55\u4f30<\/span><\/p>\n

\u55ae\u4e00\u500b\u6848\u7814\u7a76\u8a55\u4f30\u6cd5\uff0f\u500b\u6848\u5206\u6790\uff0f\u6458\u8981<\/p>\n

\u9644\u9304\uff1a\u6709\u6548\u80fd\u7684\u5be6\u52d9\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u5247<\/span><\/p>\n

\u53c3\u8003\u6587\u737b<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u6700\u5c0f\u8a02\u91cf\uff1a1
\n\u539f\u6587\u66f8\u540d\uff1aWorking with Involuntary Clients\uff1aA Guide to Practice
\n\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a\u514b\u91cc\u65af\uff0e\u5bdf\u7279\u535a\u58eb\uff08Chris Trotter\uff09
\n\u8b6f\u8005\uff1a\u6731\u60e0\u82f1\u3001\u90ed\u51e1\u7426
\n\u51fa\u7248\u65e5\u671f\uff1a2020\u5e744\u67087\u65e5
\n\u66f8\u7cfb\u540d\u7a31\uff1a\u6559\u80b2\u8f14\u5c0e\u7cfb\u5217
\n\u66f8\u7c4d\u7de8\u865f\uff1aN-152
\n\u958b\u6578\uff1a\u5e73\u88dd25\u958b (15\u00d721cm)
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